Sunday, March 27, 2022

Tanizaki Jun'ichirō: The Makioka Sisters (Sasameyuki)

 Often I pause to wonder of the author, "I wonder what he was thinking," but I cannot recall ever before wondering, "What was he thinking?!?" in quite the way I did after finishing this book.  I was worried at first about finding myself in the midst of another Buddenbrooks, just a story of the inevitable decline of a family, the unsustainability of the status quo, and a bunch of generally unpleasant people.  Gradually I unclenched, however, and began to trust the author to do right by these charming characters.  Each had her faults, of course, but thoroughly realistic ones, subtle, forgivable, and human.  Each of them was simply being herself, inconvenient though that made life at times.  Though Sachiko was clearly the protagonist, I found myself rooting for Taeko.  No doubt my Western paradigm conditions me to applaud her pointedly Western virtues. True to his Japanese roots, Tanizaki was not telling a story so much as painting a picture, and it was lovely and comfortable.

And then things turned.  The third section so abruptly shifted in tone and trajectory that I wondered if I was missing something.  Was this even the same book?  Were these even the same people?  The pace seemed to quicken, the narration grew offhanded, and it seemed like the author had grown tired of writing it.  Yukiko's traditional virtues grew from troublesome to infuriating.  Taeko was turned from an independent, capable, modern woman into nearly a whore. The trust I had developed for the author was shattered, and I braced for a melodramatic, cynical bloodbath.  I should have been so lucky!  The only ending the reader is given is a bowel movement.  

What could possibly have happened? What on Earth could have occurred between the writing of the first two sections in 1943 and the third in 1948?  If only there were something in history that could reveal why the author so completely reversed his opinion on the various Eastern and Western qualities on display in the book.  It is conjecture, of course, to suppose that such a thing could explain the sudden shift.  Perhaps he intended all along to end by literarily shitting on everything.  Perhaps nothing changed at all in Japan during that time and I'm reading too much into it.  We may never know.

King John

 I.1.5-16: Already Shakespeare has established the various characters and their foils.  I remain of the opinion that this efficiency and clarity is one of his most singular gifts.

23-28: Perhaps setting up a conflict between sight and sound in this play?

31-42: If so, then Eleanor is decidedly on the side of Sound.

57-58: And John on the side of Sight.

88-91: I am already excited to find evidence for my reading.  "Accent," draws Eleanor's attention, while John trusts only his "eye".

141-151: Philip seems to plead the case of Sight.

174: Likely to be important later in the case of  Chance v. Truth.

160, 205: Philip/Bastard/Richard has adopted a policy of "No, after you."

245-280: For Richard, and perhaps he is the voice of this play, sound follows sight, and voice follows countenance, as in nature.  The Truth, of which he speaks, however, is still of unknown provenance.

 

II.1.15-16: Perhaps another dichotomy, heart and hand?

33: If so, we know where Constance and Austria fall.

50-51: The opposite order than that John predicted.  Constance's voice travels quickly.

58-59: But John's presence, even more so.

66-68: Are more than Richard here described?

79: Unlooked for, but not unheard.

121-134: Twas ever so between daughters and mothers in law.  Interesting that the "blot" is upon the supposed bastards here, and not upon the sires--the opposite of a similar conversation in I.1.

180-181: Slander and injury, sound and sight.

206-207: The trumpet and the tongue, to follow that which has already been decided in the eye.

235-239: Bullets against words.

285: What signifies this interjection? Not clear yet of what it presages.

300-304: A hilarious dig at Austria, and well suited to Richard's character.  He is his father's son withal.

312-336: Little difference between the two "trumpets".

365-375: One king is very like another.  Only the battle of confusion against peace will determine the outcome.

389-412: A confusion that Richard diffuses, to reveal a peace of his own making.

425-432: Which leaves Richard to claim the East.

474-488: A victory for Sound?

526-531: Ay,no, for Sight indeed!

 533-544: Blanche hedges her bets, whether it be sight or sound that prevails.

588-626: A new contestant: Commodity!  One whom Richard has already disavowed, but is prepared to embrace should the feeling be mutual.

 614-615: My favorite lines so far in this play: 

    And why rail I on this Commodity?

    But for because he hath not wooed me yet.


III.i.13-16 A nice summary of Constance's character, emphasized by ending four lines in a row with the same "fears", something that Shakespeare never does without cause.

32-34: One wonders whether it will be possible to find the overlap of this conflict between belief and life resonate with that between sight and sound.

39: If so, it is this: that belief and sound have triumphed, remaking life and sight in their image.

54-60: And this is reflected in the workings of Nature and Fortune as well. Any other author, one might be attempted to accuse of namedropping philosophical constructs in the hopes of appearing deeper to shallow ears.  It is already clear here, though, that the parallels are consistent and prefigure something even truer ahead. The battle, at least in Constance's eyes, rages between sight, life, and Nature on the one side, and sound, belief, and Fortune on the other with the latter currently prevailing.

78-86: And whose declaration, whose version of reality, will prevail?  If sound exert its authority over sight, then Constance has the upper hand.

137: Philip the Bastard may be the best role here, if not the juiciest.

153-166: John declares himself for sight, and laughs at words.

170: The connection made between Commodity and sight, adding the former to the ranks of the latter.

216-220: Blanche pipes up ever so briefly, to declare herself for sight, and in a way that reveals her beautifully.

219-226: The addition of faith and need crowds the battlefield.

234-262: Philip knows not how to declare, revealing the conflict between sight and sound to be unclear in his mind.  The vow of friendship and marriage, the curse of the Pope, both are of the latter materiel after all.  Perhaps all is sound, and sight is merely what we make of it.  If so, then the loudest voice shall prevail.

263: Is this, then, the thesis?  All form is formless, order orderless.

273-308: Pandulph's word salad may seem purposefully dizzying, as befits a man of the cloth, but is at least consistent with his allegiance to Commodity.

335: My reading is suddenly trembling under its own weight.  Philip here seems to declare for sound, the pleadings of chatterboxes, and the first-sworn oath, rather than the very literal hand that he holds, John's temporal threat, and furthermore of practical gain.  If this play ends badly for John, then my reading is correct.  If not, the obverse.

III.ii: It doesn't look good for Philip, and by extension for my reading.

 

III.iii.27, 35: How telling.  Twice John forbears to speak.  What does this forbear?

50-53: Aha!  sight and sound are not enemies after all, at least in John's estimation.  They are both of them lying offshoots of Sense.

70: And John is revealed in a word.  Sense is treacherous to him because he makes it so.

 

III.iv.21: Constance is surely determined to be right.  Her recent advice proving fatal, she falls back upon her former words.

39-40: Constance's complaint is that her voice was not strong enough to shape reality.

94: Philip is on to something here.  Constance may simply like to grieve.

115-126: It remains to be seen is Pandulph is the voice of fate here, or an empty cleric.

128-143: Thus far, at least, he speaks practical truth.

161-162: The imagery here calls me back to my earlier reading.  The judgement of heaven is phrased in terms of sound, whatever that may end up meaning.

186-187: Again, sound is thought to shape reality. We shall definitely see. 

 







Sunday, March 06, 2022

Al-An'am

 Again we begin with the letter بِ, and cannot resist invoking the power of that letter.  I have even gone so far as to inscribe it on an amulet.

1: I much prefer this to the opening of Genesis.  Allah grants that there be darkness, the void, as well as light.

2-3: Only one of the translations--I am now considering four simultaneously--seems to note the second "term" mentioned here.  One term for this life, and another for the next.

4-6: Hulusi's interpretation of رَبِّهِم is thoroughly integrated into my readings now.  The Lord here is the higher self, and it would be difficult to convince me otherwise.

7-9: Especially because the challenge here is not to believe what one sees from without, but to perceive and act according to the dictates from within.  Hulusi's translation "doubt-dilemma" is undeniably a liberty, but an apt one.

10: I wonder if we will be seeing a lot of this structure: they will be confused by that which they confuse.  they will be mock by that which they mock.

11: Sadly, this does not hold up with reality.  The fate of the deniers on this earth is little different than the fate of any others.

12: Whenever the question of who rules reality is raised, it is usually followed by a reminder such as in 1: that both the dark and the light are both ruled by Allah.

13: Sure enough.

14: The eponymous أَسلَمَ takes center stage again, and this surah already feels more coherent than any of the others so far.

15-18: More reinforcements of the themes submission to one's highest self and embrace of the void as well as the light.

19: The equation between idolatry and duality is not self-evident.

20-24: Rather difficult to break this section into smaller parts; it continues until at least 49, which is another sign that this book is more linear and coherent than the previous.  These four verses seem to be merely the first beat, the first of their errors: to ascribe equals to Allah.

25: The expected argument seems rather more applicable to the dualists themselves.

26-28: No Holy text would be complete without unverifiable threats.

29-32: The next related mistake: to believe in this as the final reality.  So foolish by any measure.  Even were there no afterlife, the idea that one is their own body is ludicrous.

33-36: Rather a cheeky suggestion: "If you really want to convince them, go ahead.  Show them a miracle.  I'll wait."

37-38: Them: "Gib miracal pleez" Him: [gestures broadly]

39: this remains the most troubling part of the Quran so far.  To what end would Allah purposefully lead some astray?

40-41: From an organizational standpoint, however, it makes sense as a hedge against the fact that it doesn't always work out the way we would expect.  It is the equivalent of "God works in mysterious ways," which I have also always hated.  What nonsense.

42-45: This also reeks of entrapment, and furthermore as gilding the lily.  Why would it be necessary for Allah to torment wrongdoers in this life, if the ultimate judgement is inescapable?

46-47: Furthermore, why would it be necessary for Allah to test their hearts in this way?  the only possible conclusion is that there are those whose hearts are intractable and those whose hearts are locked open, but also those in the middle who can be influenced one way or another.  It is to these latter that the Quran--and one would assume most sacred texts--is addressed.

48-49: Further support for the above.  It is something of a comfort, in fact, to be told that there is hope even for those of us who are not holy by instinct.

50-51: The blind are lost to their own blindness.  But if you can see even a little, there is hope.

52: I have trouble with this verse, and the inconsistency of the various translations shows that I am not alone.  The admonition here seems to be to the Prophet himself, rather than to the reader.  Why would the Prophet need to be reminded not to turn away the devout?

53-55: Perhaps it is related to the natural tendency of humans to see only with their eyes, and say "Those who are poor must be doing something wrong." The admonition is to resist that urge, and embrace the lowest among us.

56-58: "Y'all better be glad that it is Allah who decides things and not me [shakes fist]."

59-60: The only mention I have seen in any sacred text of the mystery of sleep.

61-62: The Golden Thread is visible in the tapestry here.  The Prophet is in agreement with Lao Tze, Confucius, Solomon, Epicurus . . . there are bigger things to worry about than your death.

63-64: This is manifestly untrue, especially considering 52-55.  Allah rescues on this plane, but he also deigns not to, and it is seemingly arbitrary which way he will treat you.

65-67: Difficult to escape the inconsistency here.  In one breath, Allah rescues those who humbly beseech Him.  In the next breath, he afflicts them for seemingly no reason.

68-69: Don't associate with dualists.  In case you do by accident, don't get sucked in to the trap of feeling responsible for them.

70: You can remind them of the reality, but let it end there.

71: I cannot help but wonder, when a verse like this seems cloudy to me, whether I am one of those whom Allah has intentionally blinded.

72-73: The power of sound underlies these verses, and reminds one of Hulusi's obsession with certain syllables.  All creation is merely a word, and the sound of the trumpet is all that will be necessary to end it.

74-79: Where is this amazing account in the Bible or Torah? It beautifully captures the moment of enlightenment, whether metaphorical or not, much better than Newton's apple.

80-81: The truth was revealed to Abraham only in that it was there all along and he saw it for the first time.  The book of reality remains the best evidence, as in 37-38.  The fact applies to me today as well.  I search for signs, and marvels, but perhaps my eyes are still blinded.

82-83: The problem lies here.  According to this, Abraham's eyes were opened by the whims of a capricious deity.  It is no use to seek enlightenment, for it is either given to you or not.

84-87: Oh, to be so chosen!

88-90: There must be some way of reconciling these ideas.  Some are chosen, but clearly not for their own willingness to believe, for even among those chosen some deny what is revealed.  In their place, still others are chosen, from among whom even more deny.  One must have both luck and virtue to attain enlightenment, a horrifying parallel to material success.

91-92: How many times must this pattern be repeated? And what of any books revealed after the Quran?  

93-94: Where are your gods now?  Your material goods and all your worldly success?  

95-97: Indeed, the book of reality is more than enough.  Life and death, light and darkness, all are revealed.

98: Lots of disagreement on this verse, but the most straightforward interpretation in context is that the self is given a body, and then a grave.

99-102: Very rational and intuitive.  The acrobatics required to maintain a doctrine of Jesus' godhood are indeed ridiculous.

103-105: Does He actually make it clear, though?  Or does he purposefully blind some, and reveal himself to others?  The repetition of these contradictions reveals no new key to a blinded one such as I am.

106-107: This, at least, I see clearly.  The core is unity, and submission to that unity.

108: Another admonition that goes ignored today.  

109-111: this might be a glimmer of the key to unlocking the problem  of Allah "lock[ing] their hearts."  It is not that He has locked their hearts actively, perhaps, merely that he refuses to play their pointless game and answer their meaningless demands.

112-113: But this belies that interpretation.  Has Allah really actively recruited deceivers?  Is He not content to follow his own advice here?

114-115: This is poignant advice to me now.  The Book of reality is clear.  The filigrees of jinns and prophets are a distraction.

116-118: i hope for more elaboration about what to "eat," especially insofar as it is open to metaphor.

119-122: The connection requires some disentanglement here.  There are those who say, "why not eat what is dead?" Allah replies, "Because it is better to eat that which is alive."  I am emboldened by Hulusi to take serious liberties with this interpretation, admittedly.

123-125: It is a stretch, but an extrapolation is possible here: Allah has not shrunk the hearts of some actively; He has merely created reality, and reality is such that those who cannot submit are unable to understand.

126-127: The simple path is the true one, but it is tempting to take the intricate path instead.  Very opposed to the corresponding Christian doctrine.

128-134: I wonder what happens to the jinn on this day, though.  They were merely serving their function, after all.

135-136:A subtle but important bit of metaphysics: If one's worship is divided, it all goes to the lowest destination.

137-140: Here is where a metaphor is irresistible.  If the cattle here is not literal meat, but truth, then truth in and of itself is useless without submission, and sacrifice for the sake of sacrifice is delusion.

141-142: Accordingly, certain animals are not forbidden because they are unclean, but merely because to eat them is wasteful.

143-145: I wonder if modern Muslims allow for he eating of pork if forced out of need, as indicated here.  The verses are clear: this is not pedantry, but practicality.

146: A more detailed list than I recall from the Torah.

147-150: Underneath this is a principle that could be applied elsewhere.  The dualists say, "There is no law against adding to the law." The Prophet is instructed to reply, "Your default position should be to stick to what is revealed, not to add random nonsense. When in doubt, keep it simple."

151-153: Speaking of simple.  The straight path is consistently emphasized in this book.

154-156: I get the feeling of "As per the email I already sent you,".

157-158: The Quran can well make this claim.  It is indeed clearer and more straightforward, especially in this surah, than what has gone before.

159: Including divisions between Sunni and Shia?

160: This is indeed a comfort.  I have done bad in life, but just maybe I have done enough good to have not been a complete waste of life.

161-165: An excellent, and uncharacteristic, summary.